How to care for animals during the winter cold

The first frosts of winter encourage many people to seek warmer clothes and shelter, but animals can't communicate their needs. That's why the State Food and Veterinary Service (SVVT) urges you not to wait for the coldest days to arrive and to make sure that all your animals have the right conditions in advance. Whether adult, young, indoors or outdoors, they are all equally vulnerable to the cold.

Dogs living outdoors are completely dependent on their kennels during the cold and must be properly prepared. The bottom of the kennel should be raised off the ground to prevent moisture and cold from seeping in, and the walls should be draught-proof and free of cracks. It is important to provide a moisture-proof roof and shelter. Inside, there must be dry and warm bedding at all times: straw, hay, blankets or other warm fabrics will do, but these must be changed regularly to avoid dampness, moulding or wrinkling.

Pets living at home are also sensitive to cold temperatures, especially young and older animals. During extreme cold, it is advisable to limit the length of walks and monitor your pet's well-being. Increased cold, strong winds or wet fur can quickly lead to discomfort or even health problems.

As the weather gets colder, it is also important to pay attention to your pet's diet. They need more energy in winter, so food should be more calorific and tailored to the animal's weight, size, coat thickness and physical activity. If the animal is kept outdoors, the water bowl should be checked frequently – water tends to freeze quickly, so it is best to add warmer water. It is important that animals have constant access to fresh water and food.

Farm animals living in stables also need care. Low temperatures and high humidity can lead to respiratory problems, udder diseases and reduced animal performance. Barns need to ensure good air flow, but at the same time protect against draughts by sealing windows, doors and wall cracks, leaving only the openings needed for ventilation. Ventilation in the barn must be such that no condensation forms on the ceiling and walls during the cold period, allowing harmful gases to escape. Equally important is the provision of properly heated beds – in winter, deep bedding is recommended and straw is one of the most suitable materials as it absorbs moisture, helps retain heat and is safe for the animals.

If there are any doubts about ensuring proper housing conditions or feeding the right diet, the VVM urges veterinarians to be consulted.